March 2019

Sunday, March 17, 2019

Have you ever?


Have you ever?

Have you ever?

Have you ever been to Rome?
Yes, I have many times.
Have you ever been to Japan?
No, I've never been to Japan.

We use the present perfect (have been/ have had/ have played etc.) when we talk about time from the past until now - for example, a person's life:


  • Have you been to France?  No, I haven't.
  • I've been to Canada but I haven't been to the United States.
  • Mary is an interesting person. She has had many different jobs and has lived in many places.
  • I've seen that women are before but I can't remember where.
  • How many times has Brazil won the WorldCup?
  • Have you read this book?  Yes, I've read it twice.


Present perfect + ever (in question) and never:


  • Has Ann ever been to Australia?  Yes, once.
  • Have you got ever played golf?  Yes, I often play golf.
  • My mother has never travelled by air.
  • I've never ridden a horse. man?
  • Who is that man?  I don't know. I've never seen him before.


Gone and been


  • Bill has gone to Spain.
  • Bill has been to Spain.

Compare.


  • I can't find Susan. Where has she gone?
  • Oh, hello Susan! I was looking for you. where have you been?

Saturday, March 16, 2019

I've just/ I've already/ I haven't yet


I've just/ I've already/ I haven't yet

I've just/ I've already/ I haven't yet

I've just

Just = a short time ago

  • Are Jane and David here?
         Yes, they've just arrived.
  • Are you hungry?
          No, I've just had dinner?
  • Is Tom here
          No, I'm afraid he's just gone.

I've already

Already = before you expected / before I expected

  • What time are Diane and Paul coming?
         They've already arrived.
  • It's only nine o'clock and Ann has already gone to bed.
  • John this is mary.
          yes, I know. Were already met.

I haven't yet/ Have you....yet?

You can use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end.

Yet in negative sentences:

  • Are Diane and Paul here?

          No, they haven't arrived yet.

  • Does John know that you're going away?

          No, I haven't told him yet.

Margaret has bought a new dress but she hasn't worn it yet.

Yet in question

  • Have Diane and Paul arrived yet?

          No, not yet. We're still waiting for them.


  • Has Linda started her new job yet?

          No, starts next week.


  • This is my new dress.

          Oh, it's nice. Have you worn it yet?

Friday, March 15, 2019

I have done (present perfect)


I have done (present perfect)

I have done


  • His shoes are dirty. he is cleaning his shoes. he has cleaned his shoes.
  • They are at home. They are going out. They have gone out.


has cleaned/ have gone etc. is the present perfect (have + past participle):

Positive form and Negative form

I have cleaned
We have finished
You have not started
they have not lost
He has done
she has not been
it has not gone

Question form

have I cleaned
have We finished
have You started
have they lost
has He been
has He gone
has He done

We use the present perfect for action in the past with a result now:


  • I've lost my passport.
  • Where's Linda?  She's gone to bed.
  • We've bought a new car.
  • It's Rachel's birthday tomorrow and I haven't bought her a present.
  • Bob is on holiday.  Oh, where has he gone?
  • Can I take this newspaper?  Have you finished with it?


Thursday, March 14, 2019

I was doing (past continuous) and i did (past simple)


I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple)

I was doing (past continuous) and i did (past simple)

Jack was reading a book.
The phone rang.
He stopped reding.
He answered the phone.
  • What happened?   the phone rang (past simple)
  • What was jack doing when the phone rang?  (past continuous)
  • He was reading a book. (past continuous)
  • What did he do when the phone rang? (past simple)
  • He stopped reading and answered the phone. (past simple)
  • Jack began reading before the phone rang. (past simple)
  • So: when the phone rang. he was reading. (past continuous)

Past simple

  • I started work at 9 o'clock and finished at 4.30. At 2.30 I was working.
  • It was raining when we went out. 
  • I saw Lucy and Steve this morning. They were waiting at the bus stop. 
  • Jenny fell asleep while she was reading.

Wednesday, March 13, 2019

I was doing


I was doing

I was doing


Was/Were + -ing is the past continuous:

Positive 

I was doing
He was watching
She was playing
It was running
We were living
You were bathing
They were driving

Negative

I was not doing
He was not watching
She was not playing
It was not running
We were not living
You were not bathing
They were not driving


Question

Was I doing
Was he watching
Was she playing
Was it running
Were we living
Were you bathing
Were they driving


  • What were you doing at 11.30 yesterday? Were you working?
  • What did he say? I don't know. I wasn't listening.
  • it was raining so we didn't go out.
  • In 1985 we were living in Canada.
  • Today she's wearing a skirt, but yesterday. It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining and the birds were singing.

Spelling  

(live - living / run - running / lie - lying etc.

am/is/are + -ing (present) -was/were + ing (past):


  • I'm working (now).        I was working at 10:30 last night.
  • It isn't raining (now).   It wasn't raining when we went out.
  • What are you doing (now). What were you doing there o'clock?




Monday, March 11, 2019

I didn't and did you?


I didn't/ did you? (past simple negative and question)

I didn't and did you?

We use did in past simple negatives and question:

Infinitive  

Play, Start, Watch, Have, See, Do, Go.

Positive

I played, we started, you watched, they had, he saw, she did, it went.

Negative

I didn't play, We didn't start, You didn't watch. They didn't have, He didn't see, She didn't do, It didn't go.

Question

Did I play?, Did we start?, Did you watch?, Did they have?, Did he see?, Did she do?, Did it go?.

Do/Does (present) - did(past)

I don't watch television very often.
I didn't watch television yesterday.
Does she often go away?
Did she go away last week?

We use did / didn't + infinitive (watch/play/go etc.)

  • I watched but I didn't watch they
  • went but did they go?
  • he had but he didn't have.
  • you did but did you do?
  • I played tennis yesterday but I didn't win.
  • Did you do the shopping?  No, I didn't have time.
  • We went to the cinema but we didn't enjoy the film.

Study the word order in question:


  • Did your sister phone you?
  • What did you do yesterday evening?
  • How did the accident happen?
  • where did your parents go for their holiday?

Short answers

Yes, I/we/you/they/he/she/it did.
No, I/we/you/they/he/she/it didn't.


  • Did you see joe yesterday? No, I didn't.
  • Did it rain on Sunday? Yes, it did.
  • Did Helen come to the party? No, she didn't.
  • Did your parents have a good holiday? yes, they did. 

Sunday, March 10, 2019

Worked/got/went etc. (past simple)


Worked/got/went etc. (past simple)

Worked/got/went etc. (past simple)


They watch television every evening.
They watched television yesterday evening.

Watched is the past simple:

I/we/you/they/he/she/it - watched

The past simple is often -ed (regular verbs). For examples:

Work - worked
Clean - cleaned
Start - started
Stay - stayed
Arrive - arrived
Dance - danced


  • I clean my teeth every morning. This morning I cleaned my teeth.
  • Terry worked in a bank from 1986 to 1993.
  • Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchtime.
  • We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people. the party finished at midnight.


Spelling:
Try - tried
Plan - planned
Copy - copied
Stop - stopped
Plan - planned

Some verbs are irregular. The past simple is not -ed. Here are some important irregular verbs:

Begin - began
Break - broke
Bring - brought
Build - built
Buy   - caught
Come  - came
Do    - did
Drink - drank
Eat   - ate
fall  - fell
find  - found
fly   - flew
forget- forgot
get   - fot
give  - gave
go    - went
have  - had
hear  - heard
know  - knew
leave - left
lose  - lost
make  - made
meet  - met
pay   - paid
put   - put
read  - read
ring  - rang
say   - said
see   - saw
sell  - sold
sit   - sat
sleep - slept
speak - spoke
stand - stood
take  - took
tell  - told
think - thought
win   - won
write - wrote


  • I usually get up early but this morning I got up at 9.30.
  • We did a lot of work yesterday.
  • Caroline went to the cinema three times last week.
  • Jim came into the room, took off his coat and sat down.


Saturday, March 9, 2019

Was and were


Was/were

Was and were


am/is (present) - was (past)

I am tired.(now)           I was tired last night
Where is Ann? (now)        Where was Ann yesterday?
The weather is good today. The weather was good last week.

are(present) - were (past)

You are late. (now)         You were late yesterday.
They aren't here. (now)     They weren't here last Sunday.

Positive

I was, he was, she was, it was, we were, you were, they were.

Negative

I wasn't, he wasn't, she wasn't, it wasn't, we weren't. you weren't. they weren't.

Question

Was I?, Was he?, Was she?, Was it?, Were we?, Were you?, Were they?


  • Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now.
  • When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs.
  • We were hungry after the journey but we weren't tired.
  • The hotel was comfortable but it wasn't expensive?
  • Was the weather good when you were on holiday?
  • Those shoes are nice. Were they expensive?
  • Why were you late this morning?


Short answers

Yes, I/he/she/it was.
Yes, we/you/they were.

No,  I/he/she/it wasn't.
No, we/you/they weren't.


  • Were you late?  No, I wasn't.
  • Was Ted at work yesterday?  Yes, he was.
  • Were Sue and Steve at the party?  No, they weren't.


Friday, March 8, 2019

I have /I have got


I have /I have got

I have /I have got

You can say I have or I've got he has or he's got:

I have or I have got
We have or we have got
You have or you have got
They have or they have got
He has or he has got
She has or she has got
It has or it has got


  • I've got blue eyes.
  • Tim has got two sisters.
  • Our car has got four doors.
  • Diane isn't feeling well. She's got a headache.
  • They aren't feeling well. she's got a headache. 
  • They like animals. they've got a horse, three dogs and six cats.


I haven't got / have you got etc.

Negative Form

I have not got
We have not got
You have not got
They have not got
He have not got
She have not got
It has not god

Question Form

Have I got?
Have we got?
Have you got?
Have they got?
Has he got?
Has she got?
Has it got?

Short answers

Yes, I have. we have. you haven't. they haven't
No, he has. she hasn't. it hasn't.


  • I have got a motor-bike but I haven't got a car.
  • Mr and Mrs Harris haven't got any children.
  • It's a nice house but it hasn't got a garden.
  • Have you got a camera?   No, I haven't.
  • What have you got in your bag?   nothing. It's empty.
  • Has Ann got a car?   Yes, she has.
  • What kind of car has she got?


I don't have/do you have? etc.

In negatives and questions, you can also use do/does


  • They don't have any children.
  • It's a nice house but it doesn't have a garden.
  • Does Ann have a car?
  • How much money do you have?


Thursday, March 7, 2019

I am Doing and I do


 I am Doing and I do

I am Doing and I do

Is he playing the guitar?     No, he isn't.
Does he play the guitar?    Yes, he does.

Present continuous (I am doing) - now, at the time of speaking:


Please be quiet. I'm working.
Tom is having a shower at the moment.
Take an umbrella with you. It's raining.
You can turn off the television. I'm not watching it.
Why are you under the table? What are you doing?

Present simple ( (I do) - in general, all the time or sometimes:

I work every day from 9 o'clock to 5.30
Tom has a shower every winter.
It rains a lot in winter.
I don't watch television very often.
What do you usually do at the weekend?

We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing):


like, love, want, know, understand, remember, depend, prefer, hate, need, mean, believe, forget

Use the present simple only with these verbs ( i want/ do you like? etc.)
I'm tired. I want to go home.
Do you know that girl?  yes, but I don't remember her name.
I don't understand. what do you mean?




Wednesday, March 6, 2019

Do you?


Do you?

Do you?

We use do/does in present simple question 

Positive   /  Question
I work    /  Do I Work?
We like   /  Do We like?
You do    /  Do You do?
They have /  Do They like?

Study the word order:

Do/does + subject + infinitive

Do you Work in the evening?
Do your friends live near here?
Does Chris play tennis?
Where do your parents live?
How often do you wash your hair?
What does this word mean?
How much does it cost to fly to Rome?

The question with always/usually/often:

Do you always have breakfast?
Does Chris often play tennis?
What do you usually do at weekends?

What do you do? = what's your job?:
What do you do?   I work in a bank.

Remember

Do  I/we/you/they    Do they like music?
Does he/she/it          Does he like music?

Short answers

Yes,    I/we/you/they do. - he/she/it does.
No,     I/we/you/they don't. - he/she/it doesn't.


  • Do you play tennis?              No, I don't. 
  • Do your parents speak English?    Yes, they do.
  • Does George work hard?           Yes, he does.
  • Does your sister live in London? No, she doesn't.

Tuesday, March 5, 2019

I don't


I don't 

I don't

The present simple negative is don't/doesn't + verb

She doesn't drink coffee.
He doesn't like his job.

Positive -  Negative
I work    / I don't work
We like   / We Don't Like
You do    / You don't do
They have / They don't have
He Works  / He doesn't work
She likes / she doesn't like
It has    / It doesn't have


  • I drink coffee but I don't drink tea.
  • Sue drinks tea but she doesn't drink coffee.
  • You don't work very hard.
  • We don't watch television very often.
  • The weather is usually nice. It doesn't rain very often.
  • Gerry and Linda don't know many people.

Remember:

I/we/you/they   don't

  • I don't like football.


He/she/it     Doesn't

  • He doesn't like football.



  • I don't like Fred and Fred doesn't like me.
  • My car doesn't use much petrol.
  • Sometimes he is late but it doesn't happen very often.


We use don't/doesn't + infinitive (doesn't speak/doesn't do etc.)


  • I don't like washing the car. I don't do it very often.
  • Sandra speaks Spanish but she doesn't speak Italian.
  • Bill doesn't do his job very well.
  • Paula doesn't usually have breakfast.

Monday, March 4, 2019

I do/work/like etc.


I do/work/like etc.

I do/work/like etc.

They read/ she lives/ i work etc.

I/we/you/they
read, like, work, live, watch, do, have

he/she/it
reads, likes, works, lives, watches, does, has

We read a lot.
They read a lot.
I like ice-cream.
He likes ice-cream.

Remember:

he works/ she lives/ it rains etc.

  • I work in a shop. my brother works in a bank.
  • Linda lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland.
  • It rains a lot in winter.

I have - he/she/it has:

  • John has a shower every day.

Spelling

-es after -s/ -sh/ -ch: 
pass - passes,  finish - finishes,  watch - watches

-y and -ies
study - studies, try - tries

We use the present simple for things that are true in general, or for things that happen sometimes or all the times.


  • I like big cities.
  • The shops open at 9 O'clock and close at 5:30.
  • Tim works very hard. He starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o'clock in the evening.
  • The earth goes around the sun.
  • We do a lot of different things in our free time.
  • It costs a lot of money to stay at luxury hotels.


Always/never/sometimes/usually 


  • Sue always arrives at work early.
  • I usually go to work by car but sometimes I walk.
  • Julia never eats breakfast.
  • Tom lives near us. We often see him.

Are you doing?


Conversation in Are you doing?

Are you doing?

A-Term

Positive 

I'm doing.
He's working.
She's going.
It's staying.
We are dancing.
You are watching.
They are playing.

Question

Am I doing?
Is he working?
Is she going?
Is it staying?
Are we dancing?
Are you watching?
Are they playing?



  • Are you feeling ok?   yes, I'm fine, thank you.
  • Is it raining?   Yes, take an umbrella.
  • Why are you wearing a coat?   It's not cold.
  • What's Paul doing?   He's reading the newspaper.
  • What are the children doing?   They're watching television.
  • Look, there's Sally! Where she going?
  • Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for sue?


B-Term

StudyThe word order:
Is/are + subject + -ing


  • Is Paul working today?
  • Is he working today?
  • Where are they going?
  • Where are those people those going?

Short answer

Yes, I am.            No, I'm not.
Yes, he is.            No, he's not
Yes, she is.          No, she's not   
Yes, it is.             No, it's not
Yes, we are.        No, we aren't
Yes, you are.       No, you're not
Yes, they are.      No, they're not


Are you going?   Yes, I am.
Is Paul working today?   Yes, He'is
Is it raining?   No, it isn't.
Are your friends staying at a hotel?   No, they aren't. They're staying with me.



Sunday, March 3, 2019

I am doing


Converstion in I am doing 

I am doing

A-Terma

I'm eating
She's eating
She isn't reading

It's raining.
The sun isn't shining.

They're running
They aren't walking

The present contionous is;
am/is/are + doing/eating/running/writing etc.

  • I am working.
  • He is writing a letter.
  • She is eating
  • The phone is ringing.
  • We're having dinner.
  • You're not listening to me.
  • The children are doing their homework.

B-Term

Am/is/are+-ing = something is happening now:

  • I'm working
  • She's wearing a hat.
  • they're playing football
  • I m not watching television
  • please be quiet.   I'm working.  (= I'm working now)
  • Look at sue!   She's wearing her new hat.  (= she is wearing is now)
  • The weather is nice at the moment.   It's not raining.
  • Where are the children?   They're playing in the park.
  • We're having dinner now. Can you phone again later?
  • You can turn off the television. I'm not watching it.

Spelling
Come - coming
Write - writing
Dance - dancing
run - running
Sit - sitting
Swim - swimming
Lie - lying 

Saturday, March 2, 2019

Question is/am/are


Question is/am/are

Question is/am/are

A-Term

Positive

I'm, he's, she's, you're, we're, they're

Question

Am I?, Is he?, Is she?, Is it? Are you? Are we?, Are they?

  • Am I late?       'No, you're on time.'
  • Is your mother at home?    'No, she's out.'
  • Are your parents at home?     'No, they're out'
  • It is cold in your room?       'Yes, they new?


We say

Is she at home / Is your mother at home?
Are they new? / Are you shoes new?

B-Term

Where?/  What?/  Who?/  How?/  Why?


  • Where is your mother?   Is she at home?
  • What colour is your car?   It's red
  • How are your parents?   Are they well?
  • How much are these postcards?   Fifty pence. 
  • Where are you from?   Canada
  • How old is Joe?      He's 24.


What's = what is

  • What's the time?
who's = who is
  • Who's that man?
how's = how is
  • Where's jill?

where's = where is

  • How's your father?


C-Term

Short answers
Yes, I am.
No, I'm not

yes, he is
no, he's not

yes, we are
no, we're not


  • Are you tired?   Yes, I am.
  • Are you hungry?  No, I'm not but I'm thirsty.
  • Are your friends English?   Yes, he is.
  • Are these your keys?  Yes, they are.
  • that's my seat.  No, it isn't.


Friday, March 1, 2019

Conversation in is/am/are


Conversation in is/am/are

Conversation in is/am/are


A-Term

  • My name is Lisa.
  • I'm 22.
  • I'm American. I'm from Chicago.
  • I'm a student.her is a journalist.
  • My father is a doctor and my mot
  • I'm not married.
  • My favourite colour is blue.
  • My favourite sports are football and swimming.
  • I'm interested in art.


B-Term

Positive
I'm, he's, she's, we're, you're, they're

negative
I'm not, he's not, she's not, you're not, we're not, they're not.


  • I'm cold. Can you close the window, please?
  • I'm 32 years old. My sister is 29.
  • My brother is very tall. He's a policeman.
  • John is afraid of dogs.
  • it's ten O'clock. You're late again.
  • Ann and I are good friends.
  • Your keys are on the table.
  • I'm tired but I'm not hungry.
  • Tom isn't interested in politics. He's interested in music.
  • Jane isn't at home at the moment. She's at work.
  • Those people aren't English. They're Australian.
  • It's sunny today but it isn't warm.

C-Term

That's = that is
  • Thank you. That's very kind of you.

There's = there is
  • Look! There's Chris.

Here's = here is
  • Here's your key.  thank you.